Tourniquet for Shark Bite First Aid
Introduction: The Critical First Moments
If we were to list the top 3 fears of swimming or surfing in open water, it would be easy to assume that for most people shark attacks would make the list.
As a first responder on the east coast of Australia, I’ve known of several shark attacks nearby and have unfortunately been first on the scene of a local shark attack. I’ve seen the fear, the confusion, and the desperate scramble to stop the bleeding before it’s too late. If you are reading this, you probably want to know what - if anything - you could do if you ever find yourself in this situation with or without a tourniquet.
Let’s break it down.
What Can Be Used as a Tourniquet and When Should You Use One?
A tourniquet can save a life—but it’s not always necessary. In some cases, it can even cause more harm than good.
Use a Tourniquet ONLY if:
✅ The bleeding is catastrophic—think arterial spray, rapidly pooling blood, or a wound that won’t stop bleeding with firm hand pressure.
✅ The bite is on a limb (arm or leg).
✅ The victim is showing signs of shock from blood loss—pale skin, confusion, weak pulse.
✅ You have no other way to stop the bleeding, and help is more than a few minutes away.
DO NOT Use a Tourniquet if:
❌ The bleeding slows or stops with direct pressure and a bandage.
❌ The bite is on the torso, head, or neck.
❌ You don’t know how to use one properly—applying a tourniquet incorrectly can cause permanent damage.
Real Talk: If you’re dealing with a major limb injury, a tourniquet might be your only shot at stopping fatal blood loss before paramedics arrive. But if you use one when it’s not needed, you risk cutting off circulation and making things worse.
How to Apply a Tourniquet in a Shark Attack Emergency
You need to act fast and use whatever you have on hand.
Step-by-Step: Proper Tourniquet Application
Find a Tourniquet
A CAT Tourniquet (Combat Application Tourniquet) is ideal.
If you don’t have one, use a strong belt, boardshorts drawstring, leash, or rashvest—but avoid thin materials like shoelaces, which can cut into the skin.
Position It Correctly
Place the tourniquet 2-3 inches above the wound, but not directly over a joint (move it higher if needed).
If the bite is near the knee or elbow, go above the joint.
Tighten It Until Bleeding Stops
Twist the windlass (if using a proper tourniquet) or pull tight enough that the bleeding stops and secure it.
The victim will be in pain—that’s normal. A properly applied tourniquet hurts.
Mark the Time
Tourniquets should not stay on for more than two hours if possible—longer can lead to permanent nerve and tissue damage.
If you can, write the time on the victim’s skin or gear so medics know how long it’s been on.
Get the Victim to Medical Help ASAP
A tourniquet means the victim needs surgery fast—it’s not a long-term solution.
What the Experts Say About Tourniquets & Shark Bites
First responders, trauma doctors, and military medics all have strong opinions on tourniquets. Here’s what they agree on:
🔹 Emergency Room Doctors: Say that tourniquets save lives when used correctly, but improper use can lead to limb loss.
🔹 Military Medics & Trauma Specialists: Note that tourniquets are standard for battlefield injuries—but they must be applied tight enough to stop all bleeding or they’re useless.
🔹 Lifeguards & Surf Safety Experts: Recommend carrying a proper tourniquet in your first aid kit if you surf or swim in shark-prone areas.
What to Do If You Don’t Have a Tourniquet
If you don’t have a tourniquet, direct pressure and a pressure bandage are your best bet.
Alternatives That Work:
🩸 Israeli Bandage or Trauma Gauze – Great for non-arterial bleeds.
🩸 Hemostatic Gauze (like QuikClot) – Helps blood clot faster.
🩸 A Surfboard Leash or Rash Guard – Can work as an improvised tourniquet in an emergency.
Pro Tip: If using a leash, take off the rail saver and twist it like a windlass to tighten it properly.
Essential First Aid Gear for Surfers
Want to be prepared? These items could save your life—or a mate’s.
🏄♂️ CAT Tourniquet (lightweight, easy to use one-handed)
🏄♂️ Israeli Bandage or Elastic Wrap (for direct pressure)
🏄♂️ Hemostatic Gauze (stops bleeding faster)
🏄♂️ Waterproof First Aid Kit (stash it in your car or board bag)
Where to Buy: Surf shops don’t usually carry these, but tactical gear stores, Amazon, or first aid supply websites do.
Final Thoughts: Be Prepared, Not Scared
Shark attacks are rare, but if one happens near you, knowing what to do could be the difference between life and death.
👉 Tourniquets should only be used in severe bleeding cases—but when needed, they can be lifesaving.
👉 Carrying the right first aid gear means you won’t have to improvise in a crisis.
👉 Learn basic first aid skills—it’s just as important as knowing how to duck dive or read a lineup.
Bottom line? If you surf or swim in open waters, it’s smart to be prepared, not paranoid. Hopefully, you’ll never need this info—but if you do, you’ll be glad you read this.
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